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| Filtration systems: FMXXXX |
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Dynamic cross-flow filtration
About 20 years ago, FRINGS was the first company in the world to use cross-flow filtration technology for the filtration of vinegar. Patents and numerous publications on this subject were issued at that time. Since then, FRINGS has installed more than 200 systems all over the world, which can be modernized and extended without any problem. Working in close cooperation with renowned manufacturers of membrane filter modules, FRINGS is able to offer micro- and ultra-filtration equipment to meet nearly all requirements and fit all applications.
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Principle of filtration
Crossflow microfiltration (CMF) is a dynamic filtration process which permits a continuous concentration of viscous vinegars that are difficult to filtrate. For this process, microporous polymer membranes designed as modules (membrane in membrane tube) are used as means of filtration. The filter type largely depends on the form of the membranes used. Membrane processes are purely physical processes for the separation of substances. The vinegar to be treated is split into a permeate phase and a concentrate phase (see fig. 1 and 2). The underlying activation force results from the transmembrane pressure differential, which is a function of flow speed and viscosity. Microfiltration offers a number of inherent advantages; therefore, it plays an important role in vinegar filtration.
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Fig. 1: Cross-section of a module
a) Module b) Hollow fiber c) Filtrate outlet (permeate) d) Liquid feed e) Liquid exit f) Feed cleaning liquid
pe: Pressure at module feed pa: Pressure at module exit pf: Pressure of filtrate
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Fig. 2: Photo of a module head
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Fig. 3: Backflush process
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Advantages of the FRINGS Cross-flow process
The success of the FRINGS filtration technology is due to many years experience and innovative ideas. Our technology aims to give fresh impetus to filtration.
The FRINGS technology provides:
- Continuous operation
- Minimized loss of product
- Reduced consumption of auxiliary filter material
- High user-friendliness thanks to semi-automatic operation
- Reduction of energy and personnel costs
- Implementation of all necessary safety features
- Safe cut-off of micro-organisms (defined cut-off)
Vinegar filtration
Experience shows that some kinds of vinegars are in general easy to filter. Others, however, such as spirit vinegar, or mixtures of wine and spirit vinegar with high extract content, frequently create serious problems - although they seem easy to filter. Vinegar producers are aware of this. They know that the physical-biological reasons for filtration difficulties are hard to identify. Not only do problems occur when a special raw material is used, but they also depend on the composition of the process water used (filtration of spirit vinegar) and on process management. The following list contains a number of factors that may hamper filtration capacity:
- Type and quality of nutrients
- Foam development during fermentation
- Troubled fermentations with lysated cells or with cells that are protected by a pectin mucous layer
- Age and maturity of vinegar
- Was the raw vinegar pre-treated before filtration? If yes, which method was used?
FRINGS plant concept
The plant concept is implemented to make sure that the modules are operated at their optimum operating point. A complete filtration plant consists of a CIP unit, a filter unit and a pre-filtration unit with circulation tank (Fig. 4).
Depending on the customer’s needs and requirements, the filter components can be put together according to the modular design principle, or as a turnkey cross-flow filtration plant.
All filter functions are controlled by a simple control system. This control system is freely programmable; therefore, our filtration plants can be easily integrated into existing vinegar production plants.
Plant design
The core components of a filtration plant are several capillary filtration modules installed in series (see figures 4 and 5), which can be customized according to the special case of application.
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Fig. 4: FM04RK04
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Fig. 5: FM10RK10
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